Intermediary liability & VAW: GenderIT.org articles

International human rights law provides for a strong right to free expression that must be tempered by the need to protect against hate speech, or speech that incites violence, including violence against women. However, the existence of exceptions to the right to freedom of expression does not, however, mean that the prohibition against hate speech and incitement to hatred is a straight forward or uncontroversial idea. On the contrary, the exceptions to Article 19 are highly controversial, subjective and prone to manipulation by State and other entities. What, then, are the legitimate avenues for redress of hate speech when it occurs on the internet? This article is the *second* of the series that will explore the responsibility of intermediaries to ensure that the internet is a space that empowers, rather than subjugates, women.